What is the difference between threshold MPC and TEE wallets?

In a threshold MPC wallet like Agentokratia, the private key is split into shares during generation and signing happens as a distributed cryptographic computation. The full key never exists. In a TEE wallet like Privy or Coinbase CDP, the key exists inside a hardware-isolated enclave during signing. MPC trusts math. TEE trusts hardware.

Is Privy an MPC wallet?

No. Privy uses Shamir Secret Sharing combined with Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). The key is split for storage using Shamir's scheme, but during signing, the full key is reconstructed inside an AWS Nitro Enclave.

Is Coinbase CDP still an MPC wallet?

No. Coinbase deprecated their MPC-based Wallet as a Service (v1) on February 2, 2026. The current product, CDP Server Wallets v2, uses Trusted Execution Environments.

Is Agentokratia free?

Yes. Agentokratia is open source and self-hosted. You run it on your own infrastructure using Docker Compose. No per-signature fees. No monthly charges.

Which wallet is best for AI agents?

It depends. Agentokratia is purpose-built for AI agents with 15 enforceable guardrails and the key never exists. Privy excels at consumer apps with social login and multi-chain. Coinbase CDP is best for enterprises needing regulatory compliance.

What chains does Agentokratia support?

Agentokratia supports all EVM-compatible chains: Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon, and more. It uses threshold ECDSA on secp256k1, which works with any chain that uses Ethereum-style addresses. If you need Solana or Bitcoin, Privy is the better choice.

Comparison Guide

Agentokratia vs Privy vs Coinbase CDP

Your AI agent needs a wallet. Here are your three options.

Author Panche Isajeski

Published February 2026

Read Time 4 min

TL;DR

Agentokratia uses threshold ECDSA. The full key is never constructed. Privy combines Shamir secret sharing with AWS Nitro enclaves. Coinbase CDP runs pure TEE after deprecating their MPC product in February 2026. Three architectures, three trust models, three cost structures. Here's what actually matters when you pick one.

Disclosure: The author is the Founder of Agentokratia. This comparison aims to be factual, but you should assume bias. Verify claims independently.

Where Does Your Private Key Live?

Agentokratia

2-of-3 Threshold • CGGMP24

Key never exists

3 shares. Any 2 co-sign. The full key is never constructed.

Trusts: math

Privy

Acquired by Stripe, June 2025

Shamir SSS + TEE Enclaves

Key reconstructed in TEE

Shares reassemble inside AWS Nitro Enclave. Used. Wiped.

Trusts: hardware

Coinbase CDP

MPC deprecated Feb 2026

Pure TEE • No Key Shards

Key lives in Coinbase TEE

Single key. Coinbase-operated enclave. Export available via encrypted API.

Trusts: hardware

Privy powers 75M+ accounts. Stripe acquired them in June 2025. Beautiful onboarding. Multi-chain. The best embedded wallet for consumer apps. Coinbase CDP is the enterprise default. Publicly traded. Regulated. Native Base L2 integration and USDC rails. Both use hardware enclaves to protect keys.

Agentokratia is an open-source, self-hosted wallet for AI agents that uses 2-of-3 threshold ECDSA (CGGMP24). The full private key is never constructed. Not during key generation. Not during signing. 15 built-in guardrails enforce spending limits, contract allowlists, and rate limits that the agent cannot override, even if it gets prompt-injected.

What It Costs

Agentokratia

Self-hosted. You run it.

$299

Privy

/month at 500+ MAU (free under 500)

$0.005

Coinbase CDP

per operation (5K free/mo)

Privy is free under 500 MAU. The moment you cross that line — 500 to 5,000 users — you're paying $299 to $499 per month. Coinbase charges per operation: at 100K ops/month, that is ~$475 after the free tier. Agentokratia is self-hosted — you run it on your own infra. No per-seat or per-MAU charges.

Six Things That Actually Matter

Agentokratia

Privy (Stripe)

Coinbase CDP

Key Custody

Self-custody, 3 locations

Privy/Stripe holds in TEE

Coinbase holds in TEE

Self-Hosted

Yes (Docker)

Cloud only

AI Agent Tools

CLI + SDK + MCP

Server wallets + MCP

SDK + AgentKit

Guardrails

15 built-in rules

Spend limits + allow lists

Spend limits + contract rules

Chains

All EVM chains

EVM, Sol, BTC, +more

EVM + Solana

Traction

Emerging • Open Source

75M+ accounts

Backed by Coinbase (120M+ users)

No single product wins every row. Privy dominates chain support and traction. Coinbase wins on brand trust and regulatory credibility. Agentokratia is the non-custodial option in this comparison.

Different trust models for different needs. That's the whole point of comparing them.

Pick the One That Fits

Use Agentokratia

Non-custodial. Self-hosted.

Non-custodial — you hold all 3 key shares
AI agents, trading bots, yield farming, protocol automation
Passkey + email onboarding (no wallet needed)
On-prem deployment for regulatory requirements
Self-hosted — runs on your own infrastructure

Use Privy

Consumer apps + social login

Your users don't know what a wallet is
You need Solana, Bitcoin, or multi-chain
You need social login (Google, Apple, Farcaster)
Custodial — Privy/Stripe manages key shares in AWS enclaves
Proven at scale: 75M+ accounts, $299–$499/mo

Use Coinbase CDP

Enterprise + compliance

You need wallets + payments + trading + staking in one platform
Built-in fiat on/off ramps
Your compliance team needs a NASDAQ-listed custodian
Custodial — Coinbase manages keys in their TEE infrastructure
Zero infra to maintain. Backed by Coinbase (120M+ users)

Three wallets. Three trust models.
Pick the one that fits how you think about key custody.

Agentokratia · Privy · Coinbase CDP

Agentokratia vs Privy vs Coinbase CDP

Where Does Your Private Key Live?

What It Costs

Six Things That Actually Matter

Pick the One That Fits

Non-custodial. Self-hosted.

Consumer apps + social login

Enterprise + compliance

Introducing Agentokratia

Commerce Protocol

Documentation